Tumour immunology is a field of study that focuses on understanding the interactions between the immune system and cancer cells. It investigates how the immune system recognizes and responds to tumours, as well as the mechanisms that tumours use to evade immune detection and destruction. The immune system has the potential to recognize and eliminate cancer cells, a concept known as cancer immunosurveillance. However, tumours can develop strategies to evade immune responses, leading to immune tolerance and tumour progression. In studies of tumour immunology, several cluster of differentiation (CD) markers are commonly used to identify and characterize various immune cell populations within the tumour microenvironment. CD markers frequently investigated in tumour immunology research include: 1) CD3. Expressed on T cells, including both CD4+ helper T cells and CD8+ cytotoxic T cells. CD3 is often used as a general T cell marker; 2) CD4. Found on helper T cells (Th cells) and a subset of regulatory T cells (Tregs). CD4+ T cells play a crucial role in coordinating immune responses; 2) CD8. Expressed on cytotoxic T cells (CTLs), which are responsible for killing infected or malignant cells. CD8+ T cells are important effectors in antitumor immunity; 3) CD25. Associated with interleukin-2 receptor alpha chain (IL-2Rα) and used to identify activated T cells, including Tregs; 4) CD45: A common leukocyte antigen found on all nucleated cells of hematopoietic origin, including immune cells. It is used to distinguish leukocytes from non-immune cells; 5) CD56. Often used to identify natural killer (NK) cells. NK cells play a role in innate immunity and can directly kill tumour cells; 6) CD19. Expressed on B cells, which are involved in humoral immune responses. CD19 is used to identify B cells infiltrating the tumour microenvironment; 7) CD14. Found on monocytes and macrophages. CD14 expression can indicate the presence of myeloid cells, including tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs); 8) CD68. Commonly used as a marker for macrophages. CD68 is expressed on tissue macrophages, including TAMs; 9) CD163. Another marker for macrophages, specifically M2-like or alternatively activated macrophages. CD163 is often associated with immunosuppressive functions; 10) CD11b. Expressed on myeloid cells, including monocytes, macrophages, and granulocytes. CD11b can indicate the presence of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) that inhibit the immune response to tumours. We provide a wide product catalogue of research reagents for studying CD markers, including CD31 antibodies, ErbB 2 antibodies, Interferon gamma antibodies, CD31 ELISA Kits, and CD10 ELISA Kits. Explore our full CD markers product range below and discover more, for less. Alternatively, you can explore our Tumor Associated Antigens, Cytokines, and CD Markers product ranges.