Interferons are a group of soluble immunomodulatory signalling proteins that play crucial roles in the immune response against viruses, tumours, and other pathogens. They are normally produced and released by cells in the body when immune cells detect the presence of viruses, bacteria, parasites, or other pathogens. Interferons act as messengers, coordinating the defence mechanisms of neighbouring cells and activating various immune cells to combat the infection. There are three main types of interferons: type I, type II, and type III. Type I interferons, including alpha and beta interferons, are produced by almost all cells in the body and have broad antiviral effects. They inhibit viral replication, enhance the activity of natural killer cells, and stimulate the production of other immune molecules. Type II interferon, also known as interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), is primarily produced by certain immune cells, such as T cells and natural killer cells. It plays a crucial role in activating macrophages and enhancing their ability to kill pathogens. IFN-gamma also helps regulate the immune response by influencing the differentiation of immune cells. Type III interferons, including interferon-lambda (IFN-lambda), are produced by various cell types, including epithelial cells. They exhibit antiviral properties like type I interferons but are primarily involved in defending mucosal surfaces, such as the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts. In the context of cancer, interferons have been studied for their roles in both cancer progression and treatment. Interferons can enhance immune responses to cancer by stimulating the activity of immune cells, such as natural killer (NK) cells, macrophages, and T cells. They promote the recognition and elimination of cancer cells by these immune cells. Interferons can also inhibit angiogenesis and therefore impede cancer progression and have direct antiproliferative effects on cancer cells. Finally, interferons can induce programmed cell death (apoptosis) in cancer cells, leading to their elimination. Interferons are also used as immunotherapeutic agents in the treatment of certain cancers. They are administered to boost the immune response against cancer cells, enhance the activity of immune cells, and stimulate the production of other immune factors. They are often used in combination with other cancer treatments, such as chemotherapy or targeted therapy. This combination approach aims to enhance the effectiveness of the treatment and improve patient outcomes. Finally, interferons can be used as adjuvants, which are additional treatments given after the primary cancer treatment (e.g., surgery or radiation) to reduce the risk of recurrence or to eliminate remaining cancer cells. We offer a large product catalogue of research tools for investigating interferons, including Interferon gamma antibodies, Interferon alpha antibodies, Interferon alpha 2 antibodies, Interferon gamma ELISA Kits, and Interferon alpha ELISA Kits. Explore our full interferons product range below and discover more, for less.