DNA and RNA binding proteins play essential roles in chromatin binding, regulating gene expression, and maintaining genome integrity. These proteins belong to various classes, each with distinct functions in chromatin organization and gene regulation. One major class are histone binding proteins, which can be subdivided into other groups including: 1) Histone Readers. These proteins recognize specific post-translational modifications on histone proteins, such as acetylation, methylation, or phosphorylation. Examples include bromodomain-containing proteins (e.g., BRD4) that bind acetylated histones and chromodomain-containing proteins (e.g., HP1) that recognize methylated histones; 2) Histone Chaperones. Histone chaperones like nucleoplasmin and CAF-1 are responsible for histone deposition onto DNA during replication, repair, and chromatin assembly. They bind to histones and assist in nucleosome formation. A second class are specific DNA binding proteins and include: 1) Transcription Factors. These proteins bind to specific DNA sequences in gene promoters or enhancers, regulating gene expression. Examples include p53, NF-κB, and AP-1, which play roles in various cellular processes; 2) Architectural DNA-Binding Proteins. Proteins like High Mobility Group (HMG) proteins bind to the minor groove of DNA, altering its structure and facilitating the assembly of transcriptional complexes. HMGA1 is an example that influences chromatin structure and gene expression; 3) Chromatin Remodellers. ATP-Dependent Chromatin Remodellers are complexes that use ATP hydrolysis to reposition, remove, or alter nucleosomes, making DNA accessible for transcription and include SWI/SNF and ISWI complexes. Non-ATP-Dependent Chromatin Remodellers, meanwhile are proteins like histone deacetylases (HDACs) and histone acetyltransferases (HATs) that modify histones directly, leading to changes in chromatin structure and gene expression; 4) DNA Methylation-Related Proteins. DNA Methyltransferases (DNMTs) are enzymes that add methyl groups to cytosine residues in CpG dinucleotides, affecting chromatin structure and gene expression, with DNMT1, DNMT3A, and DNMT3B being examples. Methyl-CpG-Binding Proteins include proteins like MeCP2 and MBDs which specifically recognize methylated DNA and recruit other chromatin modifiers to regulate gene expression. For RNA-Binding proteins, there are the transcriptional regulators such as RNA polymerase II which interact with their newly formed RNA transcripts during transcription, facilitating RNA processing and export from the nucleus. In addition, splicing factors, such as SR proteins and hnRNPs bind to pre-mRNAs and mediate alternative splicing, influencing the diversity of mature mRNA transcripts. Finally, there are Long Non-Coding RNA (lncRNA) interactors. lncRNAs can bind to chromatin and serve as scaffolds for recruiting other chromatin-modifying complexes. For example, XIST recruits silencing complexes to one X chromosome during X inactivation. Other proteins act as nucleic acid sensors or repair proteins. DNA Repair Factors for example, like PARP1 and BRCA1 sense DNA damage, bind to damaged DNA, and recruit repair machinery to maintain genomic integrity. RNA Interference (RNAi) proteins such as Argonaute in the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) bind to small RNAs and guide them to complementary mRNA sequences, leading to post-transcriptional gene silencing. Finally, a variety of epigenetic regulators are known that play additional roles in chromatin modification. Chromatin modifiers like histone methyltransferases (e.g., EZH2) and histone acetyltransferases (e.g., p300/CBP) deposit or remove epigenetic marks on histones, shaping chromatin structure and gene expression. We provide a wide product catalogue of research tools for investigating DNA and RNA binding proteins, including PCNA antibodies, SATB2 antibodies, TRF2 antibodies, YB1 antibodies, and C Reactive Protein ELISA Kits. Explore our full DNA and RNA binding proteins product range below and discover more, for less.