Nuclear proteins in neuroscience are frequently essential regulators of gene expression and play roles in the control of brain development, function, and response to various stimuli. Located within the nucleus of neurons, these proteins modulate transcription, epigenetic modifications, and nuclear organization, thereby influencing synaptic plasticity, neural circuitry, and ultimately, behaviour. The specification of neuronal identity during development is orchestrated by a complex interplay of transcription factors, a class of nuclear proteins that bind to specific DNA sequences. These transcription factors control the expression of specific genes that are critical for neuronal differentiation and maturation. For example, Neurogenins (Ngn1/Neurog1 and Ngn2/Neurog2) and Mash1/Ascl1 are basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors that play central roles in specifying neural progenitor cells into neuronal lineages, promoting the expression of neuronal genes, and initiating the differentiation of neural progenitors into neurons. Paired box gene 6 (PAX6) is critical for early brain development and involved in the formation of various brain regions and the specification of different neuronal subtypes, including cortical and retinal neurons. LIM homeodomain transcription factors (LIM-HD), including Lhx2, Lhx5, Lhx6, and Lhx9, are essential for the development of specific neuronal subpopulations, such as cortical and diencephalic neurons, whilst T-box brain 1 (TBR1) and T-box brain 2 (TBR2) transcription factors play crucial roles in cortical neuron development. Nuclear proteins involved in epigenetic regulation are also critical for neural plasticity and memory formation. For example, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) modulates histone acetylation and promotes synaptic plasticity and has been implicated in various neurological disorders, including depression and Alzheimer's disease. Nuclear receptors are a family of ligand-activated transcription factors that translocate to the nucleus upon binding to specific ligands, such as hormones and neurotransmitters. These receptors modulate gene expression in response to extracellular signals and are involved in numerous aspects of brain function. For instance, the glucocorticoid receptor regulates the stress response and affects emotional regulation and memory consolidation, with abnormalities in glucocorticoid signalling linked to stress-related disorders like post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression. Neuronal activity triggers a cascade of events that also affect gene expression, leading to long-lasting changes in neural circuits. Nuclear proteins that respond to neuronal activity are essential mediators of this process. One such example is the activity-regulated transcription factor c-Fos, which is rapidly induced in neurons in response to synaptic activity. c-Fos is involved in synaptic plasticity and memory formation and has been extensively studied as a marker of neuronal activation in the brain. Nuclear envelope proteins have similarly emerged as important regulators of synaptic function and plasticity. For instance, the protein nesprin-1 is involved in anchoring the nucleus to the cytoskeleton, and its disruption leads to defects in synaptic connectivity and neurotransmitter release. Dysregulation of nuclear proteins have been implicated in other neurological disorders. For example, mutations in the MeCP2 gene, encoding a transcriptional regulator, are responsible for Rett syndrome, a severe neurodevelopmental disorder predominantly affecting females. We offer a wide product range of research reagents for investigating nuclear proteins, including Galectin 3 antibodies, Galectin 3 ELISA Kits, and galectin 9 ELISA Kits. Explore our full nuclear proteins product range below and discover more, for less.