Anti-β-Actin (I102) Antibody (A24977)

Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) are considered to be a potential therapy for end-stage liver disease. However, the therapeutic mechanism of BM-MSCs remains unclear. The aim of the current study was to investigate the role of paracrine signaling in BM‑MSCs in liver cirrhosis in vitro. Human BM‑MSCs and hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) were cultured using a vertical double cell co‑culture system. Groups were divided into HSCs alone (control group) and the co‑culture system of BM‑MSCs with HSCs (experimental group). HSC morphology was observed by inverted phase contrast microscopy. The proliferative capacity of HSCs was measured with the MTT assay and flow cytometry. Hoechst staining was performed to examine the apoptosis of HSCs. Transforming growth factor (TGF)‑β1 and Smad7 mRNA expression were detected by reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. BM‑MSCs did not inhibit the proliferation of HSCs at 24 h, however significantly inhibited the proliferation of HSCs at 48 and 72 h. BM‑MSCs additionally induced the apoptosis of HSCs at 48 h. The concentration of TGF‑β1 in the supernatant at 24 h and 48 h in the co‑cultured system was observed to be significantly lower than in the control group (P<0.05). The level of TGF‑β1 mRNA in the experimental group at 48 h was significantly lower than the control group, however Smad7 mRNA levels were significantly greater than in the control group. Additionally, TGF‑β1 protein levels were significantly lower than in the control group, however levels of Smad7 were greater than the control group. It was concluded that BM‑MSCs are able to inhibit the proliferation and promote the apoptosis of HSCs. In addition, the mechanism may be associated with inhibition of the TGF-β1/Smad pathway in HSCs.

Deposition of extracellular amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide is one of the pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Accumulation of Aβ is thought to associate with cognition deficits, neuroinflammation and apoptosis observed in AD. However, effective neuroprotective approaches against Aβ neurotoxicity are unavailable. In the present study, we analysed the effects of pranlukast, a selective cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 1 (CysLT₁R) antagonist, on the impairment of learning and memory formation induced by Aβ and the probable underlying electrophysiological and molecular mechanisms. We found that bilateral intrahippocampal injection of Aβ₁₋₄₂ resulted in a significant decline of spatial learning and memory of mice in the Morris water maze (MWM) and Y-maze tests, together with a serious depression of in vivo hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP) in the CA1 region of the mice. Importantly, this treatment caused significant increases in CysLT₁R expression and subsequent NF-κB signaling, caspase-3 activation and Bcl-2 downregulation in the hippocampus or prefrontal cortex. Oral administration of pranlukast at 0.4 or 0.8 mg/kg for 4 wk significantly reversed Aβ₁₋₄₂-induced impairments of cognitive function and hippocampal LTP in mice. Furthermore, pranlukast reversed Aβ₁₋₄₂-induced CysLT₁R upregulation, and markedly suppressed the Aβ₁₋₄₂-triggered NF-κB pathway, caspase-3 activation and Bcl-2 downregulation in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex in mice. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) assay confirmed its presence in the brain after oral administration of pranlukast in mice. These data disclose novel findings about the therapeutic potential of pranlukast, revealing a previously unknown therapeutic possibility to treat memory deficits associated with AD.