Specificity
This antibody recognises nucleoprotein, also known as nucleocapsid protein and Protein N. The nucleoprotein (N) is the most abundant viral protein in SARS-CoV-infected cells. It is one of the four structural proteins essential for viral assembly, alongside the spike (S), envelope (E), and membrane (M) proteins. The nucleoprotein encloses the viral genome; during assembly of the virion, nucleoprotein binds to viral RNA and forms the helical nucleocapsid. It appears to be a multifunctional protein, and plays an important role in enhancing viral transcription and assembly. The N protein of a range of coronaviruses are abundantly expressed and are highly immunogenic, and high concentrations of anti-nucleoprotein IgG antibodies have been detected in patients with SARS. These properties have made the nucleoprotein of SARS-CoV-2 a target of interest for developing a vaccine against COVID-19.