The CCN family is a group of multifunctional proteins that play roles in diverse cellular processes, including immunology. The term CCN derives from the initials of the first three members discovered within this family: Cyr61, CTGF (Connective Tissue Growth Factor), and Nov (Nephroblastoma Overexpressed). The CCN family proteins are characterized by four distinct protein modules: an N-terminal secretory signal peptide, an insulin-like growth factor-binding protein (IGFBP) domain, a von Willebrand factor type C repeat (VWC) domain, and a C-terminal thrombospondin type 1 repeat (TSP-1) domain. These various modules allow CCN proteins to interact with a wide range of extracellular matrix components, cell surface receptors, and growth factors, enabling them to regulate various cellular processes. Cyr61 is known to influence immune cell behaviours and contribute to inflammation and tissue repair processes. Cyr61 contains an arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD) motif, a common recognition sequence for integrins, and a heparin-binding domain, which allows it to interact with heparan sulphate proteoglycans. By binding to integrins and heparan sulphate proteoglycans, Cyr61 can promote the adhesion and migration of immune cells to specific sites within tissues during inflammation, impacting immune cell trafficking and tissue remodelling. Cyr61 can also activate NF-κB signalling, leading to the transcription of genes involved in inflammation and immune responses. This activation may occur through multiple pathways, including integrin-mediated signalling and the engagement of receptor tyrosine kinases such as VEGFR-2, EGFR and PDGFR. Cyr61 has also been shown to influence the production of various cytokines and chemokines that play crucial roles in inflammation. It can stimulate the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), by immune cells, cytokines which contribute to the amplification of inflammatory responses and attract immune cells to the site of inflammation. Connective Tissue Growth Factor (CTGF), another member of the CCN family, is a multifunctional protein that also plays diverse roles in various physiological and pathological processes, including cell adhesion, migration, proliferation, tissue repair, fibrosis, and inflammation. CTGF is a secreted protein that interacts with cell surface receptors and extracellular matrix components, enabling it to influence diverse cellular responses. CTGF also contains an arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD) motif and binds integrins. By binding to integrins, CTGF facilitates cell adhesion and migration, contributing to CTGF's roles in wound healing, tissue repair, and angiogenesis. Although primarily associated with fibrosis and wound healing, CTGF also has functions in immune responses. CTGF has been implicated in immune responses and inflammation. It can influence the behaviour of immune cells, such as macrophages and fibroblasts, and can regulate IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α, TGF-β cytokine production. Its interaction with immune cells suggests a role in shaping the inflammatory microenvironment, influencing the activation of fibroblasts and macrophages, which play vital roles in inflammation and tissue repair. While less extensively studied in immunology, Nov has also been linked to regulating inflammatory responses in some contexts. It can also affect the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, essential for immune cell recruitment and inflammation. We offer a wide product catalogue of research tools for investigating CCN family, including CTGF antibodies, WISP3 antibodies, and CTGF ELISA Kits. Explore our full CCN family product range below and discover more, for less.