Scaffold proteins play roles in chromosome structure by organizing and condensing the genetic material within the cell nucleus, contributing to the formation of higher-order chromatin structures. They are essential for organizing and maintaining the three-dimensional structure of chromosomes and play roles in condensing chromatin, regulating gene expression, and ensuring the faithful segregation of chromosomes during cell division. Condensin complexes consist of scaffold proteins that help package DNA into highly compact structures during cell division. In humans, there are two condensin complexes, condensin I and condensin II. Structural Maintenance of Chromosomes 2 and 4 (SMC2/4) are essential components of condensin complexes. They form a ring-like structure that encircles DNA, enabling the compaction of chromatin into mitotic chromosomes, ensuring that chromosomes are properly segregated during cell division. CTCF (CCCTC-Binding Factor) is an architectural protein that also plays a critical role in genome organization. It binds to specific DNA sequences, creating chromatin loops and insulating regions of the genome. These loops influence gene expression patterns by bringing enhancers and promoters into proximity or isolating regulatory elements. CTCF-mediated chromatin loops can have important effects on gene expression. For example, in the regulation of the H19/Igf2 imprinted gene cluster, CTCF creates a chromatin loop that prevents enhancers from activating the Igf2 gene whilst promoting expression of the H19 gene. Thus, scaffold proteins like CTCF influence the spatial organization of chromatin and gene expression. Centromeres are specialized regions of chromosomes essential for proper chromosome segregation during mitosis and meiosis. CENP-A is a centromere-specific histone variant that replaces canonical histone H3 at centromeres. It forms a centromeric nucleosome scaffold that is crucial for kinetochore assembly and chromosome attachment to the spindle. CENP-A creates a specialized chromatin structure at centromeres, recruiting other centromere-associated proteins and forming a scaffold for the kinetochore. This scaffold ensures accurate chromosome segregation during cell division. The Mediator complex is a multiprotein assembly that acts as a bridge between enhancer-bound transcription factors and the RNA polymerase II transcription machinery. It helps organize chromatin into functional domains, facilitating gene activation. The Mediator complex contributes to the formation of chromatin loops that bring enhancers and promoters together. For instance, in the regulation of the HOX gene cluster, the Mediator complex mediates long-range interactions between enhancers and target gene promoters. This looping is critical for spatially organizing gene expression during development. H1 histone proteins, also known as linker histones, play a role in chromatin compaction during mitosis. They bind to linker DNA between nucleosomes, promoting higher-order chromatin folding. During mitosis, H1 histone proteins are phosphorylated and help condense chromatin into tightly packed mitotic chromosomes. This compaction ensures the proper segregation of sister chromatids during cell division. BRCA1 is a scaffold protein involved in DNA repair and recombination. It forms complexes with other repair proteins, facilitating the assembly of repair foci at sites of DNA damage.BRCA1 is crucial for homologous recombination, a high-fidelity DNA repair pathway. It serves as a scaffold for the recruitment and coordination of repair factors, ensuring accurate repair of DNA double-strand breaks. We offer a large product catalogue of research tools for studying scaffold proteins, including Topoisomerase II alpha antibodies, Survivin antibodies, Topoisomerase II alpha+Topoisomerase II beta antibodies, JIP1 antibodies, and SCP2 antibodies. Explore our full scaffold proteins product range below and discover more, for less.