The gonadotrophic axis, also known as the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis, is a complex hormonal system that plays critical roles in regulating reproductive functions in man. Beyond its well-established role in reproduction, however, emerging evidence suggests that the gonadotrophic axis also influences various aspects of brain function and behaviour. During early brain development, the gonadotrophic axis contributes to sexual differentiation of the brain, leading to sexually dimorphic structures and subsequent behaviours in adulthood. Gonadal hormones, such as testosterone and estrogen, exhibit organizational effects on the brain, shaping neuronal circuits and influencing behaviours related to sexual identity, mating, and parenting. Studies in animal models and clinical research in humans indicate that perturbations in the gonadotrophic axis during early development can lead to alterations in brain structure and function, with potential implications for neurological disorders. Gonadal hormones, particularly estrogen, have also been linked to cognitive processes and memory function. Estrogen receptors are abundant in brain regions involved in learning and memory, such as the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. Studies have shown that estrogen can also enhance synaptic plasticity, promoting the formation of long-term memory. In both men and women, fluctuations in gonadal hormone levels, such as those occurring in females during the menstrual cycle, can influence cognitive performance, attention, and memory. The gonadotrophic axis is also closely linked to mood regulation and emotional processing. Gonadal hormones can influence mood and emotional states through their interactions with neurotransmitter systems, including those driven by serotonin and dopamine. In women, fluctuations in hormone levels across the menstrual cycle have been associated with changes in mood, with premenstrual syndrome and premenstrual dysphoric disorder being examples of hormone-related mood disorders. Moreover, gonadal hormones have also been implicated in the pathophysiology of mood disorders such as depression and anxiety. Research suggests that the gonadotrophic axis may also have neuroprotective effects on the brain. Estrogen for example has been shown to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, which can be beneficial in protecting neurons from oxidative stress and inflammation. Some studies have also highlighted the potential therapeutic role of estrogen in neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, where it may influence disease progression and cognitive decline. The gonadotrophic axis also shapes reproductive behaviours and social interactions. Gonadal hormones, particularly testosterone and estrogen, play critical roles in the regulation of mating behaviours, parental care, and social bonding. In animal models, manipulations of gonadal hormones can profoundly affect such reproductive behaviours and the formation of social bonds. In humans, changes in hormone levels have similarly been associated with variations in social behaviour and social cognition. Given the profound influence of the gonadotrophic axis on brain function and behaviour, dysregulation of this hormonal system has been implicated in several neuropsychiatric disorders. Disorders such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depressive disorder have shown sex-specific differences in incidence and symptomatology, potentially influenced by gonadal hormones. Research into the intersection between the gonadotrophic axis and neuropsychiatric disorders therefore offers insights into the underlying mechanisms for these pathologies and potential avenues for targeted therapies. We provide a large product catalogue of research tools for studying the gonadotrophic axis, including Estrogen Receptor alpha antibodies, Progesterone Receptor antibodies, Luteinizing Hormone antibodies, Estrogen Receptor alpha ELISA Kits, and Progesterone Receptor ELISA Kits. Explore our full gonadotrophic axis product range below and discover more, for less.