Secreted proteins play diverse roles in regulating the body's defence mechanisms and controlling immune responses. They are released by various immune cells and tissues and serve as mediators in both innate and adaptive immunity, as well as in the maintenance of tissue homeostasis. Cytokines are a diverse group of small, secreted proteins that act as signalling molecules to regulate immune responses. Interleukins (IL) are a major class of cytokines involved in immune regulation. For example, IL-1β is a potent pro-inflammatory cytokine that triggers fever and initiates immune responses, whilst IL-6 promotes inflammation and is crucial for coordinating responses to infection and injury. Tumour Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α) is another important pro-inflammatory cytokine that regulates immune cell activity and initiates inflammation. A subgroup of cytokines are the chemokines. Chemokines are chemotactic cytokines that promote immune cell migration to sites of infection or tissue damage. They play vital roles in controlling the movement of immune cells in the body. Examples include CCL2, which attracts monocytes and macrophages, and CXCL8 (IL-8), which recruits neutrophils to sites of inflammation. Interferons (IFNs) are an additional group of secreted proteins that are critical for antiviral defence and immune regulation. Type I IFNs (IFN-α and IFN-β) are produced in response to viral infections and help activate immune responses, whilst also playing roles in modulating inflammation. Secreted complement proteins are part of the innate immune system and help in recognizing and eliminating pathogens. They can also trigger inflammation and enhance the activity of immune cells. C3 and C5 are key components of the complement cascade that promote opsonization, inflammation, and cell lysis. Acute phase proteins are proteins secreted by hepatocytes in the liver in response to inflammation and infection. When the body encounters an infection or other inflammatory stimuli, macrophages release pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) which stimulate hepatocytes to produce acute phase proteins. The levels of acute phase proteins in the blood can change dramatically within hours of the onset of inflammation, with some acute phase proteins increasing in concentration (positive acute phase proteins), with others decreasing (negative acute phase proteins). C-reactive protein (CRP) is a notable acute-phase protein that serves as a marker of inflammation. It can function in complement activation and promote phagocytosis of pathogens. Finally, prostaglandins and leukotrienes are secreted lipid mediators derived from arachidonic acid that play important roles in inflammation. Prostaglandins, like PGE2, for example can promote vasodilation and enhance vascular permeability, contributing to the recruitment of immune cells. Leukotrienes, on the other hand, are potent mediators of inflammation and allergic responses. Among the various types of leukotrienes, the most important ones for inflammation are leukotriene B4 (LTB4) and the cysteinyl leukotrienes (LTC4, LTD4, and LTE4). For example, Leukotriene D4 (LTD4) binds to receptors on vascular endothelial cells, promoting vasodilation which allows neutrophils and macrophages to move from the bloodstream to the site of infection or injury more effectively, contributing to the localized inflammatory response. We provide a large product catalogue of research tools for investigating non-CNN secreted molecules, including Lck antibodies, LAMP2 antibodies, Lymphocyte Activation Gene 3 antibodies, Granulin ELISA Kits, and Alpha 1 Acid Glycoprotein ELISA Kits. Explore our full non-CNN secreted molecules product range below and discover more, for less.