In mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) biology secreted molecules play crucial roles, influencing various aspects of their function, including differentiation, immunomodulation, tissue repair, and communication with neighbouring cells. MSCs produce a wide range of secreted factors, collectively referred to as the secretome, which includes growth factors, cytokines, chemokines, and extracellular vesicles. Various cell types derive from MSCs, including osteoblasts, chondrocytes, and adipocytes. Secreted molecules such as bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), and insulin-like growth factor (IGF) play important roles in regulating MSC differentiation. By releasing these factors, MSCs can influence the fate of neighbouring cells and promote tissue regeneration or repair. MSCs possess immunomodulatory properties, and their secreted molecules are key mediators of these effects. MSCs can inhibit the activation and proliferation of T cells, B cells, and natural killer (NK) cells through secreted factors, making them valuable in cell-based therapies for immune-related disorders. Factors like indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and interleukin-10 (IL-10) help MSCs suppress inflammation and modulate immune responses. IDO catalyses the breakdown of the essential amino acid tryptophan along the kynurenine pathway. This results in the depletion of tryptophan in the local microenvironment, crucial for the proliferation and function of T cells. By reducing tryptophan levels, IDO therefore inhibits the activation and proliferation of T cells. IDO can also affect the function of dendritic cells (DCs), antigen-presenting cells that play a central role in initiating immune responses. IDO-expressing MSCs can induce a tolerogenic phenotype in DCs, making them less effective at activating T cells and promoting immune tolerance. Lastly, IDO contributes to the suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokine production by immune cells. By reducing the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), IDO helps to create an anti-inflammatory environment that is less conducive to immune cell activation. Pro-angiogenic factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), fibroblast growth factor (FGF), and angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1) are also secreted by MSCs. These factors promote the formation of new blood vessels and enhance tissue vascularization, which is crucial for tissue repair and regeneration. MSCs also contribute to tissue repair by secreting matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs). These enzymes help remodel the extracellular matrix (ECM), facilitating tissue regeneration processes. MSC secreted factors, such as hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), possess anti-apoptotic properties. They can protect damaged or stressed cells from apoptosis, promoting cell survival and tissue repair. MSCs also release neurotrophic factors like brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and nerve growth factor (NGF), which promote neuronal survival and growth. These factors can be beneficial in treating neurodegenerative diseases and injuries. Finally, MSCs often exert their effects via paracrine signalling, where secreted molecules act on nearby cells. This mode of communication allows MSCs to modulate the behaviour of neighbouring cells, including immune cells, tissue-specific progenitor cells, and damaged cells. We offer a large product range of research reagents for investigating MSCs secreted molecules, including Tenascin C antibodies, and WISP3 antibodies. Explore our full MSCs secreted molecules product range below and discover more, for less.