Anti-IL-8 (V68) Antikörper (A26910)

BACKGROUND:

Although major concerns exist regarding the potential consequences of human exposures to nanoscale carbon black (CB) particles, limited human toxicological data is currently available. The purpose of this study was to evaluate if nanoscale CB particles could be responsible, at least partially, for the altered lung function and inflammation observed in CB workers exposed to nanoscale CB particles.

METHODS:

Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller were used to characterize CB. Eighty-one CB-exposed male workers and 104 non-exposed male workers were recruited. The pulmonary function test was performed and pro-inflammatory cytokines were evaluated. To further assess the deposition and pulmonary damage induced by CB nanoparticles, male BALB/c mice were exposed to CB for 6 hours per day for 7 or 14 days. The deposition of CB and the pathological changes of the lung tissue in mice were evaluated by paraffin sections and TEM. The cytokines levels in serum and lung tissue of mice were evaluated by ELISA and immunohistochemical staining (IHC).

RESULTS:

SEM and TEM images showed that the CB particles were 30 to 50 nm in size. In the CB workplace, the concentration of CB was 14.90 mg/m³. Among these CB particles, 50.77% were less than 0.523 micrometer, and 99.55% were less than 2.5 micrometer in aerodynamic diameter. The reduction of lung function parameters including FEV1%, FEV/FVC, MMF%, and PEF% in CB workers was observed, and the IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, MIP-1beta, and TNF- alpha had 2.86-, 6.85-, 1.49-, 3.35-, and 4.87-folds increase in serum of CB workers, respectively. In mice exposed to the aerosol CB, particles were deposited in the lung. The alveolar wall thickened and a large amount of inflammatory cells were observed in lung tissues after CB exposure. IL-6 and IL-8 levels were increased in both serum and lung homogenate.

CONCLUSIONS:

The data strongly suggests that nanoscale CB particles could be responsible for the lung function reduction and pro-inflammatory cytokines secretion in CB workers. These results, therefore, provide the first evidence of a link between human exposure to CB and long-term pulmonary effects.

Our previous study demonstrated that Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) could act as a co-receptor with annexin A2 (ANX2) mediating anti-β2-glycoprotein I/β2- glycoprotein I (anti-β2GPI/β2GPI) -induced tissue factor (TF) expression in human acute monocytic leukaemia cell line THP-1. In the current study, we further explored the roles of TLR4 and its adaptors, MD-2 and MyD88, as well as nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), in anti-β2GPI/β2GPI-induced the activation of THP-1 cells, especially on the expression of some proinflammatory molecules. The results showed that treatment of THP-1 cells with anti-β2GPI (10μg/ml)/β2GPI (100μg/ml) complex could increase IL-6 (interleukin-6), IL-8 (interleukin-8) as well as TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor alpha) expression (both mRNA and protein levels). These effects could be blocked by addition of TAK-242 (5μM), a blocker of signaling transduction mediated by the intracellular domain of TLR4, and also by NF-κB inhibitor PDTC (20μM). Overall, our results indicate that anti-β2GPI/β2GPI complex induced IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α expression involving TLR4/MD-2/MyD88 and NF-κB signaling pathways and this might be associated with pathological mechanisms of antiphospholipid syndrome (APS).

The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effect of 5-HMF on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) injured by high glucose in vitro, and the mechanism underlying this process. Our results demonstrated that high glucose-induced oxidative stress in HUVECs was mainly mediated through activation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), Jun N-kinase 2/3 (JNK2/3) and plasma interleukin-8 (IL-8), and inactivation of phosphorylated protein kinase B (P-Akt). Treatment of HUVECs with media containing high glucose (4.5%) in the presence of 5-HMF (100, 200 and 400 μM) resulted in significant inhibition of high glucose-induced oxidative stress and expression of JNK1 and JNK2/3. Furthermore, 5-HMF rapidly inhibited high glucose-induced activation of IL-8, a downstream activator of P-Akt. Diabetes mellitus can cause a wide variety of vascular complications and high glucose can induce vascular endothelial cell apoptosis. Free radicals are formed disproportionately in diabetes by glucose oxidation. The finding of this study highlights the pharmacological application of 5-HMF for preventing cardiovascular and diabetes mellitus diseases, and provides the theoretical basis for further development of a Cornus officinalis agent for diabetes-associated vascular diseases.