IRS1 Assays

May mediate the control of various cellular processes by insulin. When phosphorylated by the insulin receptor binds specifically to various cellular proteins containing SH2 domains such as phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase p85 subunit or GRB2. Activates phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase when bound to the regulatory p85 subunit (By similarity).

This gene encodes a protein which is phosphorylated by insulin receptor tyrosine kinase. Mutations in this gene are associated with type II diabetes and susceptibility to insulin resistance.

Diabetes mellitus, non-insulin-dependent: A multifactorial disorder of glucose homeostasis caused by a lack of sensitivity to the body's own insulin. Affected individuals usually have an obese body habitus and manifestations of a metabolic syndrome characterized by diabetes, insulin resistance, hypertension and hypertriglyceridemia. The disease results in long-term complications that affect the eyes, kidneys, nerves, and blood vessels.

Serine phosphorylation of IRS1 is a mechanism for insulin resistance. Ser-312 phosphorylation inhibits insulin action through disruption of IRS1 interaction with the insulin receptor (By similarity). Phosphorylation of Tyr-896 is required for GRB2-binding (By similarity). Phosphorylated by ALK. Phosphorylated at Ser-270, Ser-307, Ser-636 and Ser-1101 by RPS6KB1; phosphorylation induces accelerated degradation of IRS1 (PubMed:18952604). Phosphorylated on tyrosine residues in response to insulin (PubMed:23401856). In skeletal muscles, dephosphorylated on Tyr-612 by TNS2 under anabolic conditions; dephosphorylation results in the proteasomal degradation of IRS1 (PubMed:23401856).