Ribosomal Markers

Ribosomes are macromolecular, ribonucleoprotein complexes found within the cytoplasm responsible for protein synthesis through mRNA translation. These non-membranous organelles are comprised of two subunits, one large (60S), the other small (40S); each subunit consists of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) bound to numerous ribosomal proteins. During translation initiation the 40S subunit binds a methionine-tRNA molecule to form the 43S pre-initiation complex. This particle recognises, binds, and rapidly scans the mRNA substrate to identify the appropriate AUG start codon. These processes are catalysed by the presence of several eukaryotic translation initiation factors (eIFs). Two such eIFs, EIF2S1 and EIF2A, are commonly utilised as ribosome markers. EIF2S1 is a component of the eukaryotic initiation factor 2 complex which recruits the initiator tRNA to the ribosome, while EIF2A regulates re-initiation and non-AUG initiation events. Once the initiator tRNA is aligned correctly, the large subunit is recruited to catalyse peptide bond formation and elongate the polypeptide chain. Upon completion of translation, the ribosomal subunits disengage, ready to participate in another round of protein synthesis. Specific ribosomal protein markers are exploited to explore ribosome structure, function, and dynamics. Key markers include the ribosomal large subunit proteins, RPL26 and RPL7A, as well as the ribosomal small subunit proteins RPS27A, RPS3, and RPS6. Ribosomal proteins play critical roles maintaining structural integrity and mediating rRNA interactions. Understanding their presence or absence provides valuable insights into ribosome assembly and function. In addition to proteins indicative of ribosome activity, other markers relate to ribosome biogenesis. Fibrillarin and nucleophosmin play roles modifying and maturing rRNA, critical processes for ribosome assembly within nucleoli. Overall, the use of protein markers can deepen understanding of ribosome morphology and dynamics, advancing the development of therapeutic targets. We offer a range of antibodies against ribosomal markers including Calnexin antibodies, Fibrillarin antibodies, mTor antibodies, and PTEN antibodies, covering various host species, clonalities, and conjugates. All our antibodies are validated in multiple applications, and with samples derived from multiple species. Explore the range below and discover more, for less.