Ryan Hamnett joined Antibodies.com in 2024 as Scientific Content Writer, crafting useful guides and easy-to-follow protocols for scientists working with antibodies in their research. During his 10+ years as an experimental neuroscientist, Ryan studied how different types of neuron communicate with each other to control fundamental aspects of physiology. Most recently Ryan worked as a postdoctoral scholar at Stanford University to investigate how different types of neuron in the enteric nervous system regulate digestion. As a PhD student at the University of Cambridge and MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, he researched the neurobiological control of circadian rhythms and how these daily body rhythms align with the 24 hour day-night cycle. These followed on from completing an MSc in Molecular Neuroscience at the University of Bristol and a BSc in Biological Sciences at the University of Birmingham.
In addition to his time at Antibodies.com, Ryan has written a wide variety of content, including scientific publications, grants, and articles for university magazines, and he is a strong proponent of scientific outreach. Outside of science, Ryan enjoys creative writing, playing guitar and traveling.
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are a large superfamily of cell-surface receptors representing the targets of approximately one third of all approved drugs...
Luminescent proximity assays are homogeneous bead-based assays for detecting a wide variety of protein-protein interactions or single analytes...
Luminescent proximity assays are bead-based, homogeneous assays for measuring a wide variety of protein-protein interactions with high sensitivity...
Luminescent proximity assays are bead-based, homogeneous assays that can detect single analytes with greater sensitivity and lower background than ELISA...
Multiplex luminescent proximity assays use distinct acceptor beads that emit chemiluminescence at different wavelengths to detect multiple analytes...
Macrophage markers include CD68, CD11b, CD64, CD86, CD163 and F4/80, which are used to identify different populations or activation states of macrophages...
Astrocytes can be marked by proteins, such as GFAP, S100b, ALDH1L1 and SOX9, to study astrocyte function in regulating neuronal health and homeostasis...
This guide explores well-established markers such as ChAT, vAChT, and AChE that can be detected by antibodies to identify and characterize cholinergic neurons...
Cell-based assays give physiologically relevant information on important cellular processes, including apoptosis, proliferation, cytotoxicity, and migration...
This guide covers protein markers for identifying all neurons regardless of their location in the nervous system, including NeuN, MAP tau and PSD95...
Glutamatergic neuron markers are applied in techniques such as IHC to identify and characterize neurons that communicate using glutamate as their neurotransmitter...
Explore the factors that influence how to choose a secondary antibody for your research, including host species, conjugates, and cross-adsorption...
A biosimilar antibody is a recombinant antibody that is almost identical to a therapeutic monoclonal antibody and bears highly similar function and safety...
Learn about antibody production by plasma B cells of the adaptive immune system, and how antibodies recognize and bind to unique antigens on pathogens...
Learn about how antibody structure and isotype contribute to their function and use in research, and antibody formats such as fab fragments and nanobodies...
Explore the technical applications of antibodies in research, such as ELISA and western blot, and how to validate antibody specificity and purity...
Learn about polyclonal, monoclonal and recombinant antibodies, the advantages and disadvantages of each, and which is best suited to your application...
Explore the factors that influence how to choose an ideal antibody for your research, including reactivity, application, clonality, and multiplexing...
Explore this collection of words, terms and definitions used throughout our Antibody Basics Guide...
Mpox, or monkeypox, is a contagious disease of public concern that causes skin blisters. We offer antibodies, ELISAs, and recombinant proteins for mpox research...
Chromatin architecture and transcription are regulated by histone modifications, such as H3K4me3, H3K9me3, and H3K27me3, and their readers, writers and erasers...
Nanodiscs hold transmembrane proteins within a stable phospholipid bilayer, allowing structural and functional studies of the protein in its native conformation...
Flow cytometry is a technique that uses light to measure heterogenous suspensions of cells based on physical characteristics and protein expression...
Detailed protocols for Flow Cytometry & FACS, including sample preparation, cell surface and intracellular antigen staining, and cell cycle analysis...
A comprehensive guide of Flow Cytometry and FACS troubleshooting to ensure strong signal and minimal background for optimal analysis and sorting...
Key controls for flow cytometry experiments to aid interpretation of results and troubleshooting, including fluorescence-minus-one and compensation controls...
We have introduced knockout validation, using CRISPR/Cas9, as a standard quality control protocol to ensure antibody specificity...
Loading controls are an essential control to run in a western blot as an internal reference for total protein content, to identify unequal sample loading...
Isotype controls are critical negative controls to identify non-specific binding caused by the constant Fc region of antibodies...
Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) is a technique for isolating chromatin bound to a protein of interest for subsequent identification and characterization...
Detailed protocols for Chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments, from sample preparation and chromatin fragmentation to elution and DNA purification...
A comprehensive guide of Chromatin immunoprecipitation troubleshooting to ensure strong signal and minimal background...
Learn key Chromatin immunoprecipitation controls to include to enable interpretation of ChIP results and assist troubleshooting...
Co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) uses antibodies timmobilized on a solid bead support to purify a target antigen and its binding partners from a complex sample...
A comprehensive outline of Co-immunoprecipitation protocols, from sample preparation to elution for high quality protein complexes...
A comprehensive outline of Co-immunoprecipitation troubleshooting to ensure strong signal of bait and prey proteins with minimal background...
A comprehensive outline to Co-immunoprecipitation controls to enable interpretation of co-IP results and assist troubleshooting...
Immunoprecipitation (IP) uses antibodies timmobilized on a solid bead support to purify or enrich a target protein from a complex mixture...
Immunoprecipitation (IP) uses antibodies timmobilized on a solid bead support to purify or enrich a target protein from a complex mixture...
A detailed overview of Immunoprecipitation troubleshooting, including solutions for weak signal, high background and disrupted tissue morphology...
A detailed guide to Immunoprecipitation controls, including input, isotype, knockout and positive expression controls...
ELISA is a plate-based assay that uses antibodies to specifically detect and quantify the amount of a target antigen in a liquid sample...
A detailed overview of ELISA protocols, including sample preparation, direct and indirect ELISA, sandwich ELISA, and competitive ELISA...
A detailed overview of ELISA troubleshooting, including solutions for weak signal, high background, poor standard curves and inconsistent results...
A detailed guide to ELISA controls, including controls for non-specific binding, wavelength, standards, and matrix interference...
Immunocytochemistry/Immunofluorescence (ICC/IF) refers to the detection and visualization of antigens in cultured, immortalized and primary cells...
A detailed overview of ICC/IF protocols, including sample preparation, fixation, permeabilization, staining and counterstaining...
Tips and tricks to troubleshoot ICC/IF experiments, including solutions for weak signal or high background...
A handy guide to controls that should be included in ICC/IF experiments, including positive and negative controls, and controls for specificity and endogenous background...
A detailed overview of western blotting controls, including: positive and negative controls, and a comprehensive guide to loading controls...
Discover the best research tools for investigating transmembrane proteins, including nanodiscs, VLPs, exosomes, MNPs and more...
Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is a technique that uses antibody-epitope interactions to selectively label and visualize proteins in tissue samples...
A detailed overview of Immunohistochemistry protocols, including sample preparation, fixation, antigen retrieval, and staining...
A detailed overview of Immunohistochemistry troubleshooting, including solutions for weak signal, high background and disrupted tissue morphology...
A detailed guide to Immunohistochemistry controls, including positive and negative controls, and controls for specificity and endogenous background...
We offer 4,000+ 90 minute ELISA kits for the quantification of 2,000+ human and mouse proteins. These ELISAs produce accurate, reproducible results in...
